~CHOICES IN CHILDBIRTH~
PREGNANCY, LABOR AND BIRTH-RELATED
WEB ARTICLES OR RESEARCH
*BACK PAIN IN LABOR *HIGH-RISK PREGNANCY
*BREASTFEEDING *INDUCTION OF LABOR
*CESAREAN SURGERY *IV vs EATING/DRINKING IN LABOR
*ELECTRONIC FETAL MONITORING *NEWBORN, INFANT CARE
* EPIDURALS *THIRD STAGE OF LABOR
*Note: Many clinical guidelines and articles are written in PDF format. If you do not have ADOBE Acrobat Reader on your computer, you may go here to download a free copy of this program.
BELLY MAPPING--From Spinning Babies website: Belly Mapping is a way that a mother can tell for herself what her baby's position is. This article is a variation of Belly Mapping: Using kicks and wiggles to predict posterior labor in the Vol. 12. Issue 4 (Fall 2004) International Doula, a quarterly publication of DONA International.
HOW TO PREVENT A POSTERIOR LABOR--article from Motherspirit website.
OPTIMUM FOETAL POSITIONING Excellent article about creating the optimum positioning of your baby before labor begins. (from the Homebirth Reference Site by Angela Horn)
POSITIONS FOR LABOR AND BIRTH--Positions for labor, back pain and pushing
POSTURE, MUSCLE TONE, AND RELAXATION DURING PREGNANCY Article by Department of Nursing: Children's and Women's Services/OB-GYN Patient Education Committee, posted at Virtual Hospital, University of Iowa Health Care web site. Useful suggestions for alleviating back pain during pregnancy.
PREVENTING POSTERIOR AND BREECH POSITIONS IN PREGNANCY--Article from Spinning Babies website.
BIRTH PLANS--In the happy haze of early pregnancy, you're probably already thinking of baby names and planning to shop for baby clothes. During this time, the reality of labor and birth may seem extremely far off - which makes this the perfect time to start planning for the arrival of your baby by creating a birth plan that details your wishes. (from KidsHealth.org)
ECSTATIC BIRTH: THE HORMONAL BLUEPRINT OF LABOR Mothering Magazine, Issue 111, March/April 2002, article by Sarah J. Buckley (from Mothering.com)
COMFORT
MEASURES FOR LABOR Mothering Magazine, Issue 95, July/August 1999,
article
by Penny Simkin, Janet Whalley, and Ann Keppler (from Mothering.com)
The Nature and Management of Labor Pain: Peer-reviewed papers from an evidence-based symposium American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, May 2002, part 2, Volume 186, Number 5 (Symposium jointly sponsored by Maternity Center Association, New York Academy of Medicine)
THE RIGHTS OF CHILDBEARING WOMEN By Maternity Center Association. Outlines a set of basic rights that MCA has identified and promotes for all childbearing women. It applies widely accepted human rights to the specific situation of maternity care.
BREASTFEEDING AND THE USE OF HUMAN MILK--Policy Statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), recommends breastfeeding baby for at least 12 months, and thereafter for as long as mutually desired.
BREASTFEEDING IN THE UNITED STATES: A NATIONAL AGENDA by the United States Breastfeeding Committee.
BREASTFEEDING POSITION PAPER (THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS)
CAMPAIGN AGAINST BREASTFEEDING Article details how formula manufacturers aggressively market hospitals and new mothers to the detriment of breastfeeding success rates. Written by KATHLEEN MELLEN, Staff Writer, Daily Hampshire Gazette. (from Gazettenet.com)
HHS BLUEPRINT FOR ACTION ON BREASTFEEDING Comprehensive report that Health Professionals can utilize to find details on the latest breastfeeding research findings. (Dept. of Health and Human Services, Office on Women's Health)
INFECTIONS ASSOCIATED WITH POWDERED INFANT FORMULA (Source: Infect Med 19(8):350, 2002, published on Medscape WebMD, 10/3/02)
QUANTIFYING THE BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING: A SUMMARY OF THE EVIDENCE Publication from the Pan American Health Organization (Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization).
CESAREAN BIRTH from The-Health-Pages web site.
CESAREAN BIRTH: WHAT TO EXPECT by Ann Carol Wyman, ivillage/Lamaze.com/Birth web site, 11/1/01.
ELECTIVE CESAREAN SECTION: AN ACCEPTABLE ALTERNATIVE TO VAGINAL DELIVERY?
By Peter S. Bernstein, MD, MPH, from Medscape OB/GYN & Women's Health, 9/16/02.
THE IDEAL CAESAREAN BIRTH by Robert Oliver, M.D. (from Cesarean Voices web site). An article written by a doctor that seeks to show medical professionals a more humane and caring way to perform cesareans.
RECOVERING FROM A CESAREAN BIRTH--TIPS ON HEALING Written by the INTERNATIONAL CESAREAN AWARENESS NETWORK (ICAN)
TRENDS IN CESAREAN BIRTH AND VAGINAL BIRTHS AFTER PREVIOUS CESAREAN, 1991-1999 U.S. DEPT. OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, National Center for Health Statistics, NVSR (National Vital Statistics Research), Volume 49, No. 13. 15 pp. (PHS) 2002-1120.
UNDERSTANDING CESAREAN BIRTH from March of Dimes "Ask NOAH about: Pregnancy"
WOMEN URGED TO PROCEED WITH CAUTION IN THE AGE OF "DESIGNER DELIVERIES" from the American College of Nurse-Midwives press release.
CONTINUOUS ELECTRONIC HEART RATE MONITORING FOR FETAL ASSESSMENT DURING LABOR (COCHRANE REVIEW) By Thacker SB, Stroup D, Chang M, The Cochrane Library, Issue 3 2002. Oxford: Update Software.
ELECTRONIC FETAL MONITORING A comprehensive look at medical literature on the use of electronic fetal monitoring in labor.
INTERPRETATION OF THE ELECTRONIC FETAL HEART RATE DURING LABOR By Amir Sweha, M.D., Trevor W. Hacker, M.D., and Jim Nuovo, M.D., from the American Academy of Family Physicians web site.
INTRAPARTUM FETAL MONITORING From Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition, Prenatal Disorders by U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (from Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center web site).
PRACTICAL GUIDELINES FOR ANTEPARTUM FETAL SURVEILLANCE By MICHELLE SMITH-LEVITIN, M.D., BORIS PETRIKOVSKY, M.D., PH.D., and ELIZABETH P. SCHNEIDER, M.D., summarized at the American Academy of Family Physicians web site.
THE USE OF ELECTRONIC FETAL MONITORING: THE USE AND INTERPRETATION OF CARDIOTOCOGRAPHY IN INTRAPARTUM FETAL SURVEILLANCE From the Clinical Effectiveness Support Unit, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (from the National Library for Electronic Health web site).
EPIDURAL ANALGESIA DURING CHILDBIRTH By Robert D. Vincent, Jr., M.D., and David H. Chestnut, M.D., University of Alabama School of Medicine (from the American Academy of Family Physicians website).
EPIDURAL ANALGESIA FOR CHILDBIRTH By Sam Blomberg,CRNA. Website by a retired Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist includes many links related to epidurals.
EPIDURALS FOR LABOR PAIN By Henci Goer (from iVillage Parent's Place website).
EPIDURAL RISKS AND SIDE EFFECTS--MATERNAL RISKS, LABOR SIDE EFFECTS, BABY SIDE EFFECTS From the Kim James website.
WEIGHING THE PROS AND CONS OF THE EPIDURAL By Penny Simkin (from the Childbirth Solutions website).
BENEFITS AND RISKS OF EPISIOTOMY: A REVIEW OF THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE LITERATURE SINCE 1980 Complete abstract formatted by Ronnie Falcao of Gentlebirth.org.
EPISIOTOMY By Robbie Davis-Floyd (from BirthPsychology.com)
EPISIOTOMY OR PERINEAL MASSAGE Article by BirthSource.com (Perinatal Education Associates).
EPISIOTOMY FOR VAGINAL BIRTH (COCHRANE REVIEW)
Carroli G, Belizan J. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2002. Oxford: Update Software.
EPISIOTOMY SHOULD BE USED ONLY FOR SPECIFIED FETAL-MATERNAL INDICATIONS Abstract Source: Relationship of Episiotomy to Perineal Trauma and Morbidity, Sexual Dysfunction, and Pelvic Floor Relaxation. Klein MC, MD; Gauthier RJ, MD; Robbins JM, PhD; Kaczorowski J, MA; Jorgensen SH, MB; Franco ED, MD; Johnson B, BSN; Waghorn K, RN; Gelfand MM, MD; Guralnick MS, MD; Luskey GW, MD; Joshi AK, MD, Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994;171:591-598 (Information at Childbirth.org site).
MIDLINE EPISIOTOMY AND ANAL INCONTINENCE: RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY Lisa B. Signorello, Bernard L Harlow, Amy K Chekos, John T Repke. Published in the British Medical Journal. BMJ 2000; 320:86-90 (8 January). This study raises concerns about the efficacy of midline episiotomy in protecting the perineum and sphincters during childbirth and, moreover, implicates this procedure in the impairment of anal continence.
MUCH ADO ABOUT A LITTLE CUT: IS EPISIOTOMY WORTHWHILE? Obstetrics and Gynecology, April 2000, Volume 95, Number 4, Pages 616-618, Erica Eason, MDCM, FRCSC, and Perle Feldman, MDCM, FCFP. Article from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists suggesting that routine episiotomy is no longer advisable (from the ACOG web site).
OBSTETRIC MYTHS VERSUS RESEARCH REALITIES: EPISIOTOMY By Henci Goer. Comprehensive article with major points referenced by research. (from the Online Birth Center)
ROUTINE EPISIOTOMY NEEDS TO BE DISCOURAGED Study summarized at Doctor's Guide Publishing site.
SAYING NO TO EPISIOTOMY: GETTING THROUGH LABOR AND DELIVERY IN ONE PIECE Mothering Magazine, Issue 104, January/February 2002, article by Elizabeth Bruce (from Mothering.com)
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
DIABETES IN PREGNANCY--Public Health Education Information Sheet by the March of Dimes website.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MedLine Plus Health Information. (from U.S. National Library of Medicine web site).
GESTATIONAL DIABETES HUB Comprehensive site of Articles, Research, Clinical Trials, Directories, and Links (from HealthHubs database web site).
GESTATIONAL DIABETES--NUTRITION AND QUESTIONS--from the Plus-Size Pregnancy website.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES: THE EMPEROR HAS NO CLOTHES--Article by Henci Goer regarding the standard management of gestational diabetes, located at the GentleBirth.org website.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES: THE REALITY By Marion Toepke McLean, CNM, "Marion's Message." Published in the Winter 1993 issue (No. 28) of Midwifery Today.
GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS: DEFINITION, DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association.
UNDERSTANDING GESTATIONAL DIABETES: A PRACTICAL GUIDE TO A HEALTHY PREGNANCY From National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD web site).
GROUP B STREP
GROUP B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE (GBS)--From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website.
PERINATAL GROUP BE STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE--REVISED GUIDELINES FROM CDC-- Revision date August 16, 2002.
SOCIETY OF OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS OF CANADA-- Group B Streptococcus
PRE-ECLAMPSIA
HYPERTENSION AND PRE-ECLAMPSIA From Women's Health web site.
INTERVENTIONIST VERSUS EXPECTANT CARE FOR SEVERE PRE-ECLAMPSIA BEFORE TERM By Churchill D, Duley L. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2002. Oxford: Update Software.
PREGNANCY: WHEN YOU HAVE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE From MayoClinic.com
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF PRE-ECLAMPSIA From the Action on Pre-eclampsia website.
PRETERM LABOR AND BIRTH
MARCH OF DIMES--PRETERM BIRTH--Causes, Risks, Symptoms from the March of Dimes website.
MARCH OF DIMES--PRETERM BIRTH-- Complications of Preterm Birth from the March of Dimes website.
PRETERM LABOR--From OHSU Health/ Child Health A-Z website. Includes chart which details the statistical percentages of premature births based on 1999 data from the National Center for Health Statistics.
PRETERM LABOR-- From the Nutrition for You, Nutrition for Two website.
PRETERM
LABOR--From the University of Michigan
Health Systems
PRETERM
LABOR AND BIRTH--by BabyCenter.com
PRETERM LABOR TEST (FETAL FIBRONECTIN) INFORMATION--From BabyCenter.com.
HOMEBIRTH Article by Henci Goer, from iVillage/Parentsplace.com
IS
HOMEBIRTH FOR YOU? 6 MYTHS ABOUT CHILDBIRTH EXPOSED Editor:
Janet Tipton
originally published by Friends of Homebirth, 1990 by Friends of Homebirth (from
Gentlebirth.org web site).
OUTCOMES OF PLANNED HOME BIRTHS VERSUS HOSPITAL BIRTHS AFTER REGULATION OF MIDWIFERY IN BRITISH COLUMBIA--by the Canadian Medical Association.
QUOTES FROM THE BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL REGARDING HOMEBIRTH--summarized at Abounding Joy website.
THE HOMEBIRTH CHOICE--By Jill Cohen and Marti Dorsey, Midwifery Today, 1992.
THE SAFETY OF HOMEBIRTH--Comprehensive list of research studies regarding various aspects of homebirth.
THE SAFETY OF HOMEBIRTH--The evidence is overwhelming--planned homebirth is safe for healthy women.--Citizens for Midwifery.
BISHOP'S SCORE FOR INDUCTION Utilize the chart to help determine if a medical induction of labor is likely to be successful. (from Mother Care Web Site)
CURRENT TRENDS IN CERVICAL RIPENING AND LABOR INDUCTION by The American Academy of Family Physicians (August 1999)
CYTOTEC: SAFE FOR INDUCING LABOR? By Henci Goer, from iVillage/Parentsplace.com
INDUCED AND SEDUCED: THE DANGERS OF CYTOTEC Mothering Magazine, Issue 107, July/August 2001, article by Ina May Gaskin (from Mothering.com).
INDUCTION OF LABOUR AT TERM Written by the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC). SOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines, No.107, August 2001.
LET THE BABY DECIDE: THE CASE AGAINST INDUCING LABOR Mothering Magazine, Issue 105, March/April 2001, article by Nancy Griffin (from Mothering.com).
MEMBRANE SWEEPING FOR INDUCTION OF LABOUR (COCHRANE REVIEW) by Boulvain, M, Stan C, Irion O. The Cochrane Library, 2004. Oxford: Update Software.
MISOPROSTOL (CYTOTEC) FOR LABOR INDUCTION: A CAUTIONARY TALE by Marsden Wagner Article written for Midwifery Today, 1999. (from ICAN web site).
VAGINAL MISOPROSTOL (CYTOTEC) FOR CERVICAL RIPENING AND INDUCTION OF LABOUR (COCHRANE REVIEW) Hofmeyr GJ , Gulmezoglu AM. The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2002. Oxford: Update Software.
IV vs EATING/DRINKING IN LABOR
FASTING--DESCRIPTION AND OFFICIAL RATIONALE From BirthPsychology.com
SHOULD WE EAT OR DRINK IN LABOR? From Pregnancy/Birth at about.com
4 WAYS ATTACHMENT PARENTING CAN REDUCE THE RISK OF SIDS By Dr. Sears (from AskDr.Sears.com)
CHILDREN NEED TOUCHING AND ATTENTION, HARVARD RESEARCHERS SAY Research examining childrearing practices in the U.S. and in other cultures says that the widespread American practice of putting babies in separate beds -- even separate rooms -- and not responding quickly to their cries may lead to incidents of post-traumatic stress and panic disorders when these children reach adulthood (from Harvard Web Site).
WHAT ATTACHMENT PARENTING IS NOT by Dr. Sears (from AskDr.Sears.com)
EARLY CORD CLAMPING OF THE UMBILICAL CORD: CUTTING THE TIES THAT BIND: Well-researched article and references debates the issues surrounding "Expectant versus Active Management of the 3rd Stage of Labor". (from CordClamping.com)
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE (SOGC GUIDELINES, 2006) Guidelines review clinical aspects of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) and provide guidelines to help clinicians prevent and manage excessive excessive bleeding postpartum.
BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN: A PRIMER FOR SUCCESS Mothering Magazine, Issue 89, July/August 1998, article by Diana Korte (from Mothering.com).
ELECTIVE CESAREANS RISKIER THAN VAGINAL BIRTH FOR BABIES AND MOTHERS (ICAN POSITION PAPER) Written by by Jill MacCorkle, ICAN Clarion Editor for the International Cesarean Awareness Network.
FIGHTING VBAC-LASH: CRITIQUING CURRENT RESEARCH Mothering Magazine, Issue 110 January/February 2002, article by Jill MacCorkle (from Mothering.com).
TRIAL OF LABOR VERSUS ELECTIVE REPEAT CESAREAN FOR THE WOMAN WITH A PREVIOUS CESAREAN SECTION, MARCH 2005--The American Academy of Family Physicians
VAGINAL BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN FACT SHEET by Nicette Jukelevics Fact sheet written for International Journal of Childbirth Education in November 1994, Volume 9, No. 4 (from ICAN web site).
VAGINAL BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN: THE FACTS by Henci Goer Article from ivillage.com/Parentsplace.com.
VAGINAL BIRTH AFTER CESAREAN SECTION: VBAC BIBLIOGRAPHY Comprehensive list of research studies, compiled by Philip J. Rosenow, M.D., html and additions by Ken Turkowski, research scientist.
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